Dr. Lili Du will discuss the EP fleet management problem, which is mathematically modeled as a vehicle routing problem (i.e., mE2-VRP), aiming to optimally dispatch the minimum number of EPs to approach and serve the EDs using different proportions of EV flows to save EDs’ travel time and mitigate traffic congestion to different extents in different network congestion and charging station coverage scenarios. She will also discuss suggestions for improving the service efficiency of CaaS + .